- Ph.D., Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Thesis: “The Generation Gap: The Problem of Expressibility in Text Planning”
- M.S., Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
- M.A., English Linguistics, State University College of NY at Fredonia
- B.A., English Linguistics, State University College of NY at Fredonia
- Babson College, MBA program. Courses in Marketing, Accounting, Organizational Behavior
- Greater Boston Executive Program, MIT Sloan
